NCERT WORDS AND EXPRESSION -1 , UNIT - 4

 UNIT -4

1. It is very simple to be happy , but it is very difficult to be simple - Rabindranath Tagore

2. Weakness of attitude becomes the weakness of character - Albert Einstein

                       

3. “The best and the most beautiful things

in the world cannot be seen or even

touched – they must be felt with the heart.” - 

Helen Keller

4. “One individual may die for an idea, 

but that idea will, after his death, incarnate 

itself in a thousand lives.”- 

 Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

READING COMPREHENSION

 1.What is responsible for the present degradation of

individual development?

Ans : The development of industry and machinery is responsible for the present degradation of individual development

2.What is the meaning of development in relation to

individuals?

Ans :The development of machinery means that less and less work is needed from the individual for the satisfaction of the community’s needs.

3. What is the ‘planned division of labour’? How will it be

helpful in human development?

A planned division of labour among humans and machine is becoming more and more of a crying necessity and this division will lead to the material security of the individual.

4. What does the phrase ‘symptoms of decadence’ mean

in the opening line?

Ans : The phrase ‘symptoms of decadence’ 

in the opening line means diagnosis of degradation

5. The phrase ‘crying necessity’ in the opening paragraph

means:

Ans :The phrase ‘crying necessity’ in the opening paragraph

means urgent need

6. Circle the odd one out

(a) presence, (distance), existence, being, alive

(b) possible, feasible, probable, (unthinkable), obtainable

(c) violence, assault, roughness, (passivity), fierceness

(d) conflict, contest, contention, rivalry, (accord)

(e) consolation, compassion, (annoyance), sympathy,

support

TEXT - II

When Einstein wrote to Gandhi

1. Albert Einstein admired M. K. Gandhi because:

Ans : Gandhi showed that it is possible to succeed without violence with all irrespective of whether they have continued or discarded the method of violence.

2.Where did Gandhi wish to meet Einstein?

Ans :his Ashram in India

3.Why does Einstein want Gandhi’s example to go beyond

India?

Einstein wants Gandhiji's example to go beyond India because it will help to establish an international authority , respected by all, that will take decisions and replace war conflicts.

4.You have read the chapter and the exchange of letters

between A. Einstein and M. K. Gandhi. What similarities

do you find in the ideas of both the personalities?

Ans :Both of them were staunch supporters of nonviolence and peace and rejected war and violence firmly.

5.Find the opposites of the words given below from Einstein’s letter.

a) impossible x possible

b) fail x succeed 

c) peace x war 

d) absence x presence

e) enemy x friend

6.In the context of Gandhi’s response to Einstein’s letter,

‘finds favour in your sight’ means:

Ans : satisfied you 

TEXT-III

If

1.Which lines in the poem tell us to have self control, a clear head and not to become bitter when people speak against us? Stanza 1

Ans : "If you can keep your head when all about you

Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;"

2.One must be just as graceful in losing as he is in winning.What are the two words in the poem that can replace the underlined ones? Stanza 2

Ans :

losing - disaster 

winning - triumph

3. In the third stanza what does the poet mean by ‘And lose, and start again’?

Ans : We may lose all our processions and dreams crushed but without any complaints we have to stay calm and rebuild from the beginning.

4.There is a necessity to treat all people equal and amidst people we should not lose our self ‘who we are’? How has the poet expressed this in the fourth stanza?

Ans :On the one hand we should mingle with every class of the society regardless of their status on the other hand we should not lose our virtues , moral values , personality and identity.

5.List two things from each stanza that we can do to make the Earth ours, as given in the poem.

Stanza - I

i) Control our emotions

ii) Forgive those who try to harm us 

Stanza - II

i)  Dream but don't make dreams your master.

ii) If  your dreams are crushed start working from the beginning.

Stanza - III

i)  Never give up

ii) Use your inner strength and hold on 

Stanza - IV

i)  Use every minute of every day

ii) Communicate with everyone

(a) A word used disapprovingly to talk about a person who is unusual and doesn’t behave like others. _____________________________(paragraph 1)

Ans : freak

(b)Taking part in an activity for pleasure, not as a  job .  ____________________________ (paragraph 3)

Ans : amateur

(c) Respecting and allowing many different types of beliefs or behaviour.  _________________(paragraph 5)

Ans : liberal

 

(d) A person who is lacking in or hostile or smugly indifferent to cultural values, intellectual pursuits, etc. ________________________________(paragraph 7)

Ans : philistines 

(e) Relating to work that needs special training or education. __________________________(paragraph 8)

Ans : expert

Thank you for your support !

contd......